Egerov's Theorem

Statement

Suppose $\mu$ is a locally finite Borel measure and $\{f_{n}\}$ is a sequence of measurable functions defined on a measurable set $E$ with $\mu (E)<\infty$ and $f_{n}\rightarrow f$ a.e. on E.

Then: Given $\epsilon >0$ we may find a closed subset $A_{\epsilon }\subset E$ such that $\mu (E\setminus A_{\epsilon })\leq \epsilon$ and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_n \rightarrow f } uniformly on $A_{\epsilon }$

Proof

WLOG assume $f_{n}\rightarrow f$ for all $x\in E$ since the set of points at which $f_{n}\rightarrow f$ is a null set. Fix $\epsilon >0$ and for $n,k\in \mathbb {N}$ we define $E_{k}^{n}=\{x\in E:|f_{j}(x)-f(x)|<{\frac {1}{n}}{\text{ for all }}j>k\}$ Now for fixed $n$ we have that $E_{k}^{n}\subset E_{k+1}^{n}$ and $E_{k}^{n}\nearrow E$. Therefore using continuity from below we may find a $k_{n}$ such that $\mu (E\setminus E_{k_{n}}^{n})<{\frac {1}{2^{n}}}$. Now choose $N$ so that $\sum _{n=N}^{\infty }2^{-n}<{\frac {\epsilon }{2}}$ and define ${\tilde {A}}_{\epsilon }=\bigcap _{n\geq N}E_{k_{n}}^{n}$. By countable subadditivity we have that $\mu (E\setminus {\tilde {A}}_{\epsilon })\leq \sum _{n=N}^{\infty }\mu (E-E_{k_{n}}^{n})<{\frac {\epsilon }{2}}$.

Now fix any Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \delta>0 } . We choose $n\geq N$ such that ${\frac {1}{n}}\leq \delta$. Since $n\geq N$ if Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x \in \tilde{A}_\epsilon } then $x\in E_{k_{n}}^{n}$. And by definition if $x\in E_{k_{n}}^{n}$ then $|f_{j}(x)-f(x)|<{\frac {1}{n}}<\delta$ whenever $j>k_{n}$. Hence $f_{n}\rightarrow f$ uniformly on ${\tilde {A}}_{\epsilon }$.

Finally, since ${\tilde {A}}_{\epsilon }$ is measurable, using HW5 problem 6 there exists a closed set Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A_\epsilon\subset \tilde{A}_\epsilon } such that $\mu ({\tilde {A}}_{\epsilon }\setminus A_{\epsilon })<{\frac {\epsilon }{2}}$. Therefore $\mu (E\setminus A_{\epsilon })<\epsilon$ and $f_{n}\rightarrow f$ on $A_{\epsilon }$

References

Stein & Shakarchi Real Analysis: Measure Theory, Integration, and Hilbert Spaces (Princeton Lectures in Analysis) (Bk. 3)